Unit BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- Course
- Veterinary medicine
- Study-unit Code
- GP005362
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Elisabetta Chiaradia
- CFU
- 5
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2017
- Offered
- 2017/18
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
SYSTEMATIC AND COMPARATIVE VETERINARY BIOCHIMISTRY
| Code | GP005392 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 2 |
| Teacher | Elisabetta Chiaradia |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline della struttura, funzione e metabolismo delle molecole di interesse biologico |
| Academic discipline | BIO/10 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Overview of the main metabolic pathways and their integration. Biochemistry of the digestive processes in monogastric species. Rumen metabolism. Biogenic amines. Detoxification and its phases; Cyt P450 Biosynthesis of lactose and the role of lactoalbumine. Metabolism of erythrocyte. Oxidative stress and antioxidant systems |
| Reference texts | Nelson DL, Cox MM - Principi di Biochimica. Zanichelli, Bologna. A.P. Mariani, A. Podestà -Biochimica e Biotecnologia del Rumine - Piccin. |
| Educational objectives | Knowledge on species and tissue -specific metabolic processes. |
| Teaching methods | Theoretical lessons and practical training |
| Extended program | Introduction: overview of the main metabolic pathways and their integration. Metabolic similarities and differences among different tissues. (1.5 hrs) Biochemistry of the digestive processes in monogastric species: Digestion, absorption and transport of carbohydrates and lipids. (2 hrs) Lipoproteins: biosynthesis and role. Digestion, absorption of protein and overview on metabolic fate of amminoacids (2 hrs) Ruminant Carbohydrate Digestion- - Introduction. Cellulose, Emicellulose , Pectins. Hydrolitic step (1.5 hrs) Ruminant Carbohydrate Digestion- Oxidative step: anaerobic glycolysis, the pentose phosphate and phosphoketolase pathway , via Entner Doudoroff. (3 hrs) Ruminant Carbohydrate Digestion- Reductive step: propionate. butyrate and acetate Conversion of pyruvate to lactate, formic acid, H2, Methanogenesis. (3 hrs). Rumen biohydrogenation (1 hrs)-The isomers of conjugated of Linoleic acid (CLA). (1 hrs) Rumen Metabolism of proteic and Nonprotein Nitrogen- Nitrogen excretion, Uric acid synthesis (1 hrs) Mammary Gland: Biosynthesis of lactose and the role of lactoalbumin. Biosynthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides (2 hrs). Pratiacl lesson: assay of metabolites or enzyme as marker of metabolic pathways (2 hrs). |
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
| Code | GP005393 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 3 |
| Teacher | Elisabetta Chiaradia |
| Teachers |
|
| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline della struttura, funzione e metabolismo delle molecole di interesse biologico |
| Academic discipline | BIO/11 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Introduction, Nucleic Acid Structure, Replication of DNA, DNA repair systems, Transcription, Protein Synthesis, Regulation of gene expression, Nucleic acid extraction, DNA, Recombinant DNA, PCR, Fingerprinting, Microarrays Outline of proteomic methodologies |
| Reference texts | Dai geni ai genomi. Dale - von Schantz. EdiSES Edizioni Scientifiche ed Universitarie Edizione: II / 2008 or: David L Nelson, Michael M Cox I principi di biochimica di Lehninger Quinta edizione-2010 ZANICHELLI James D Watson, Tania A Baker, Stephen P Bell, Alexander Gann, Michael Levine, Richard Losick Biologia molecolare del gene Sesta edizione- 2009 Zanichelli. |
| Educational objectives | The main aim of this teaching is to provide students knowledge on function and chemical -physical properties of nucleic acid, details of DNA replication, transcription, translation, DNA repair systems and gene expression regulation as well as knowledge of some methods and basic experimental techniques of recombinant DNA as well as gene and protein expression |
| Teaching methods | The course is organized as follows: -Lecture on all subjects of the course; -Laboratory experiences - Students will be divided into four groups (maximum 20 students) |
| Extended program | Introduction - DNA discovery, Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics. (1 hrs) Structure of Nucleic Acids- Structure of nucleotides, common and less common bases, tautomeric forms, non-enzymatic modification of nucleotides. Structure of DNA. Supercoiling of DNA, nucleosome, the role of histones, heterochromatin and euchromatin. Denaturation and renaturation of the DNA, hyperchromic effect, Tm. Structures and roles of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA miRNA, siRNA. The genome and the non-coding sequences. (2 hrs) Replication of DNA: the chemical synthesis of DNA, proteins involved in the initiation phase and progression of duplication. DNA polymerases. DNA ligase. The reverse transcriptase. DNA repair systems. (2 hrs) Transcription:. RNA polymerase of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Starting elongation, and termination of transcription. (2 hrs) The post-transcriptional RNA modification: capping, poly adenilation . Splicing: the chemistry of splicing, snRPN, splicesoma. Alternative splicing. Editing. Maturation of tRNA. (2 ore) The Ribo-enzyme Protein Synthesis - The genetic code: tRNA: three-dimensional structure. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and activation of amino acids, codon-anticodon interactions. Ribosomes: composition, structure. Translation. Post-translational modifications.( 2 hrs) gene expression regulation (2 hrs) Nucleic acid extraction - choice of protocol, main components of extraction buffer for RNA and DNA. extraction of genomic DNA, plasmid DNA and mRMA. Using the kit. (2 hrs) Electrophoresys and nucleic acid analysis, quantitative spectrophotometric measurement (1 ora). PCR: principles and methodology- thermostable DNA polymerase and primers. Primer design . RT-PCR one-and two-step, quantitative PCR: use of fluorescent probes, examples of possible applications in veterinary medicine. (2 hrs) DNA sequencing - the theoretical principles of Sanger sequencing, NGS and nanopore. Description of the methodology. Automatization. Fingerprinting - principles, description of methodology, use of probes. (2 hrs) Microarrays: principles, description of methodology, examples ( 30 mins). Cloning: a brief outline (1 hrs) Outline of proteomic methodologies - two-dimensional electrophoresis (2.5 hrs) Practical training - DNA extraction from lymphocytes, electrophoresis and quantitative evaluation of the extract. Design of a primer and use databases ( 4 ore) |