Unit DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
- Course
- Physics
- Study-unit Code
- GP005506
- Location
- PERUGIA
- Curriculum
- Fisica medica
- Teacher
- Renzo Campanella
- Teachers
-
- Renzo Campanella
- Hours
- 42 ore - Renzo Campanella
- CFU
- 6
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2017
- Offered
- 2017/18
- Learning activities
- Affine/integrativa
- Area
- Attività formative affini o integrative
- Academic discipline
- FIS/07
- Type of study-unit
- Opzionale (Optional)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- Basic elements of a digital image, in particular a medical image; the most important diagnostic imaging techniques X rays (radiography, CT), nuclear imaging (gamma camera, SPECT, PET), magnetic resonance, ecography.
- Reference texts
- P.Suetens, “Fundamentals of Medical Imaging” (2nd ed.), C:U.P., Cambridge, 2009
- Educational objectives
- Understanding of the physical phenomena on which the imaging methods rely. Capability of describing and analyzing the methods of the medical imaging and the relative equipment. Capability of choosing the best techniques to obtain a medical image under given conditions, and analyzing its advantages and contraindications.
- Prerequisites
- Basic elements of modern physics
- Teaching methods
- Participatory Learning, Brainstorming, Problem-based learning, Collective learning, Problem solving.
- Other information
- Website: http://fisi-care.unipg.it
- Learning verification modality
- Oral examination
- Extended program
- Introduction: Basics of imaging: resolution, contrast, noise. Electromagnetic radiation spectrumRadiation-matter interaction: Rayleigh scattering, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, pair production. Elements of atomic physics: absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission, Zeeman effect.X ray imaging: Linear absorption coefficient - Radiography - Radiography detectors: Screen-film, image intensifiers - Digital radiography detectors - FluoroscopyComputed Tomography: Principles of tomography - Houndsfield units (H.U.) - Outline of a TC scanner - Narrow beam scanner (1st and 2nd generation) - Wide beam scanner (3rd and 4th generation) - Electron beam TC (5th generation) - Spiral TC - Projection theorem - Backprojection - filtered backprojectionNuclear imaging: Nuclear decays - The gamma camera (SPECT) - Positron Emission Tomography (PET) - Coincidence detection - Correction for the attenuation - Time-Of-Flight PET - Detectors for PET - ArtifactsMagnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) - Motion of a spin in a magnetic field - Macrocospic magnetization - Radio frequency pulses - The Free Induction Decay (FID) - NMR spectrum - Relaxation times - Basic sequences: Spin-Echo and Inversion Recovery - Magnetic field gradient - Selective excitation - Projections - Projection-Reconstruction - Fourier Imaging (2DFT) - K Space - The contrast in a MR image - Multi-slice Imaging - Fast sequences: FLASH, Echo Planar (EPI) - CINE Sequences - MRI contrast agent - BOLD Contrast: functional maging - Angiography - Diffusion imagingUltrasounds imaging: principles and characteristics – Image formation; spatial resolution and temporal resolution.Medical images treatment: Characteristics of the image - Anatomical planes – Image quantization (spatial and intensity) - Resolution - Pixel and Voxel - Signal quantization - Quantization error di Grey levels - Image elaboration - Enhancement techniques - Grey levels transformation - Gamma transformation - Window-level transformation – Threshold transformation – Multi images operations - Geometric transformation - Histogram modification - Contrast amplification - Stretching - Equalization - Smoothing - Sharpening